Sudan, a nation once full of hope for democratic change, is now facing one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. Since 2023, brutal fighting between two powerful military forces has torn the country apart — destroying cities, displacing millions, and creating an urgent need for global attention.
How the War Began
After the fall of long-time ruler Omar al-Bashir in 2019, Sudan tried to move toward civilian democracy. However, deep divisions grew between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) commanded by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, widely known as Hemedti.
What started as a power struggle between these two leaders quickly escalated into a nationwide war in April 2023.
The Two Sides
SAF (Sudanese Armed Forces): The official national army, controlling the skies and most state institutions.
RSF (Rapid Support Forces): A heavily armed paramilitary group, originally formed from militias in the Darfur region. It now holds territory rich in gold and resources.
Both groups claim to be “protecting Sudan,” but their fight has caused severe destruction and suffering among ordinary people.
Life Inside the War Zone
Today, entire neighborhoods in Khartoum, Omdurman, and Darfur lie in ruins. Food and medicine are running out, hospitals have been attacked, and families have been forced to flee their homes.
Over 10 million people are displaced.
Around 25 million face severe hunger and lack of clean water.
Communication and electricity in many areas have collapsed.
The war has not only destroyed lives but also the hope of a peaceful transition to democracy.
International Reactions
While the world focuses on other global conflicts, Sudan’s tragedy often goes unnoticed. Organizations like UNICEF, Red Cross, and Doctors Without Borders are calling for urgent aid, but access to conflict zones remains limited.
Countries including the U.S., Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and UAE are trying to influence peace talks — yet no lasting ceasefire has been reached.
Why This Conflict Matters
Sudan lies at the heart of Africa, bordering seven countries. Instability here can easily spread to neighbors like Chad, South Sudan, and Ethiopia. The conflict also impacts global trade routes and gold exports, making it a concern beyond Africa’s borders.
What Needs to Happen
For real peace, Sudan urgently needs:
A permanent ceasefire between SAF and RSF.
Safe humanitarian access for aid groups.
Accountability for war crimes and civilian killings.
Support for local peacebuilders who are working to rebuild communities.
